Physical Anthropology - User contributions [en]

Red Carib

2026-05-05T01:17:27Z

Garifunid:

{{NewWorldPhenotype
| name = Red Carib
| image = redcarib.png
| group = [[Garifuna]]
| similar = [[Black Carib]], [[Senegalid]], [[North Amazonid]], [[West Amazonid]]
| region = Central America & Saint Vincent
| map = redcaribmap.png
| description = Red Caribs historically span from Central America to Saint Vincent. Today, they are present in communities across Central America and in some individuals in Dominica, but the largest concentration remains in Saint Vincent. On a per capita basis, Red Caribs are most numerous in Saint Vincent, though in absolute numbers the Garifuna—descendants of Red Caribs deported to Central America—are largest there whereas a lot of Red Caribs are also in Coastal Nicaragua (Due to Historical Miskito admixture).

In Saint Vincent, Red Caribs often identify as both Garifuna and Kalinago, reflecting the fact that no formal split occurred on the island. The divergence between Garifuna and Kalinago only happened after the 1797 British deportation of Black Caribs to Central America. Red Caribs are simply lighter Garifuna with roughly half Indigenous ancestry or simply phenotypically presents in that way for example a One-Eigth European & Quarter Indigenous Garifuna could be considered Red Carib or even a Half Garifuna and Half Mestizo which is mainly based on Facial Structure and skin tone, while Black Caribs are about one-quarter Indigenous, and Yellow Caribs are either triracial or majority Indigenous-admixed.

Specific Regions of Popularity: Punta Gorda (Belize), Mosquitia (Coastal Nicaragua), La Ceiba (Honduras, Caribania Region).

| traits = Medium to dark copper-brown. The skin exhibits a distinct warm, reddish, or golden-bronze undertone Dark brown to black. Texture ranges from tightly wavy (Type 2C) to coiled/curly (Type 3B/3C). It lacks the strict linearity of purely Indigenous populations but is looser than typical West African hair textures. Meso- to euryprosopic (medium to broad facial index). The facial structure is robust with highly prominent, wide malar bones (cheekbones) that provide a distinct lateral width to the midface, a strong Indigenous indicator. The jawline is squared in males and rounded but well-defined in females. Dark brown. Almond-shaped with moderate lateral elongation. The eyes are relatively deep-set, and while prominent epicanthic folds are largely absent, the upper eyelid often has a heavier, thicker appearance typical of heavily admixed Amerindian populations. Mesorrhine to platyrrhine (medium-wide to broad). The nasal bridge is moderately elevated—higher than typical Sub-Saharan African phenotypes but lower and wider than European or purely Centralid phenotypes. The nasal tip is fleshy, and the alae (nostrils) are flared. Macrodontic tendency with full, everted lips (both upper and lower). The philtrum is well-defined. Mesocephalic to slightly brachycephalic (medium-round to short-headed), retaining the broader cranial vault common in Indigenous Central and South American populations. Mesomorphic. Tending toward a solid, muscular, and robust skeletal frame with broad shoulders.

| gallery =

}}

New World Phenotypes

2026-04-26T23:07:58Z

Garifunid: /* Zambo */

While the [[Old World]] often maintained distinct genetic lineages shaped by geography over millennia, the Americas became the site of an unprecedented biological and cultural collision. This page explores the emergence of populations that are fundamentally hybrid, born from the intersection of Indigenous survival, European colonization, and the forced or voluntary migration of African and Asian peoples.

It is important to note that some pages have not yet been created (these are marked in red), but are generally accepted as phenotypes or sub-phenotypes. Additionally, some phenotypes may appear in multiple groups as they can belong to more than one category.

Also note that this list is not exhaustive and may change as new information becomes available and more articles are created. However, it provides a starting point for those interested in learning more about the diverse world of phenotypes.

== [[Mestizo]] types ==
{{Catdesc|The result of a blend between Europoid and Amerindian phenotypes.}}
* [[Mexican Mestizo]],
** [[Sinaloid]], A mexican regional variant that developed in the ranching–mining belt of northwest and north-central Mexico through long-term Spanish–Indigenous admixture. Found all over south-western U.S.
* [[Central American Mestizo]]
** [[Jinotega]], Nicaraguan regional type found in the Miskito region.

== [[African-American]] ==
{{Catdesc|The result of a blend between Europoid and Amerindian phenotypes.}}

* [[Chesapeakid]], a Black / African American phenotype that developed in the Chesapeake Bay region during the slave era.
* [[Mississipid]], a Black / African American phenotype that developed in the plantation South of the United States.
* [[Louisianid]], a Mulatto-Atlantid type.
* [[Mississippid]], an Afro-Atlantid found in the deep south.

== [[Griffe]] ==
{{Catdesc|Usually three-quarters Africoid and one-quarter Europoid, common among [[Black-American]] phenotypes, however this category includes none-american types.}}
* [[Afro-Bajan]], Shaped by nearly four centuries of African-descended continuity on the island of Barbados.

== [[Zambo]] ==

{{Catdesc|A blend between Africoid and Amerindian phenotypes.}}
* [[Cafuzo]], Brazilian type.
* [[Miskito Sambu]], Balanced Central American type.
* [[Caribs|Garifuna]], a varying Circum-Caribbean type.
** [[Black Carib|Black Carib Garifuna]]
** [[Red Carib|Red Carib Garifuna]]

== [[Mulatto]] ==
{{Catdesc|A balanced blend between Africoid and Europoid phenotypes.}}

* [[Cuban Mulatto]], Cuban type.
* [[Brazilian Mulatto]], Brazilian type that could be broken into regional variants.
* [[Louisianid]], Southern U.S. Type.

== [[Pardo]] ==
{{Catdesc|A tri-racial hybrid type common across all of Latin America excluding Mexico, Andes, and The Southern Cone.}}

* [[Brazilian Pardo]], Mostly Europoid, may be broken into regional variants.
* [[Cibaenid]], Oldest stabilized tri-hybrid phenotype in the post-contact Americas. Found in the Dominican Republic.

Kalaharid

2026-04-20T01:24:02Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=Kalaharidm.png
|image_female=Kalaharidf.png
| name = Kalaharid (Proper)
| group = Kalaharoid
| description = The Kalaharid is a specialized desert phenotype indigenous to the northern Kalahari Basin, recognized as a refined variety fundamentally distinct from the basal Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the Khoe-Kwadi speakers, particularly the Nama, Khwe, and Hai{{!}}{{!}}om, it is characterized by an increased stature and a deep reddish-brown pigmentation that deviates from the golden-yellow tones of the central basin. Unlike the more paedomorphic and infantile Sanid Proper, the Kalaharid is notably orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent zygomatics and a cleanly carved, distinct jawline. While the build remains primarily gracile, it possesses a specialized, macroskelic (long-limbed) and linear frame adapted for high-heat desert endurance, contrasting with the more compact proportions of the ancestral forager stock.

The distinctiveness of the Kalaharid is rooted in a unique evolutionary history involving ancient trans-continental contact. According to Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects a significant infusion of South Cushitic (Proto-Ethiopid) gene flow—typically ranging from 9% to 14%, though reaching as high as 30% in specific northern bands—into the indigenous Khoisan substrate approximately 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced elongated proportions and a narrower nasal structure, leading to a marked morphological convergence with East African phenotypes such as the Maasai, likely facilitated by a shared Sandawe-like ancestral influence, which could explain similarities between the Kalaharid and ancient, Paleo Saharid which are the ancestor of Proto Ethiopids.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoisanid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Sanid), meso-to-macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate, small-headed shape.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karroid]], [[Paleo Saharid]]
| gallery =
Kalaharid_Example1.jpg
Kalaharid_Example2.jpg
Kalaharid_Example3.png |Kalaharid_Example2.jpg | Other Male example

}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Paleo Saharid

2026-04-18T00:55:54Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=PaleoSaharidMap.gif
| name = Paleo Saharid
| group = Ethiopid , Khoid
| description = Very ancient type native to the Sahara Desert. Related to Proto Ethiopid, but possibly also shows traces of ancient Khoisanids who were more widespread during the Paleolithic. About 20% of Toubous (Teda) in the Tibesti mountains still show this type. It is also present in Dawada of Libya. In lower frequencies across the Sahara from Haratins in the Maghreb to Sudanese.
| traits = Medium brown, sometimes yellowish skin. Curly or kinky hair. (Rather) short, ectomorph. Mesocephalic with a coarse, round, and very low face, and strong supraorbital arches. Mongoliform eyes may appear, but not as strong as in Khoisanids proper. Nose platyrrhine with a depressed root, but a high bridge. The mouth is large with not very thick lips, prognathy usually absent.
| similar = [[Fezzanid]], [[Saharan Ethiopid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Sandawe]], [[Kalaharid]]
}}
[[Category:Ethiopid]]
[[Category:Khoid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-18T00:40:14Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = A specialized desert phenotype native to the Kalahari Basin, the Kalaharid is a refined variety of the Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline. While the Kalaharid people are primarily gracile, lacking the skeletal robusticity of Karroid types, they possess a specialized, linear build adapted for desert endurance. Within this group, the Ju/'hoansi represent the most basal and unadmixed lineage, maintaining a higher degree of genetic isolation compared to other Kalahari groups.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai (Due to Possible Sandawe Influence). Certain Khoisanid variants possess higher proportions of South Cushitic (Proto-Ethiopid) ancestry than some Kalaharid populations; however, they typically do not express Ethiopid phenotypes as distinctly as the Kalaharid does.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoisanid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Sanid), meso-to-macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate, small-headed shape.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karrotid]], [[Paleo Saharid]]
| gallery =
Kalaharid_Example1.jpg
Kalaharid_Example2.jpg
Kalaharid_Example3.png |Kalaharid_Example2.jpg | Other Male example

}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-18T00:39:10Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = A specialized desert phenotype native to the Kalahari Basin, the Kalaharid is a refined variety of the Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline. While the Kalaharid people are primarily gracile, lacking the skeletal robusticity of Karroid types, they possess a specialized, linear build adapted for desert endurance. Within this group, the Ju/'hoansi represent the most basal and unadmixed lineage, maintaining a higher degree of genetic isolation compared to other Kalahari groups.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai (Due to Possible Sandawe Influence). Certain Khoisanid variants possess higher proportions of South Cushitic (Proto-Ethiopid) ancestry than some Kalaharid populations; however, they typically do not express Ethiopid phenotypes as distinctly as the Kalaharid does.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Khoid), meso-to-macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate, small-headed shape.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karrotid]], [[Paleo Saharid]]
| gallery =
Kalaharid_Example1.jpg
Kalaharid_Example2.jpg
Kalaharid_Example3.png |Kalaharid_Example2.jpg | Other Male example

}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Proto Ethiopid

2026-04-17T22:48:08Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=ProtoEthiopidMap.gif
|image_female=protoethiopidf.jpg
|image_male=protoethiopidm.jpg
| name = Proto Ethiopid
| group = Ethiopid
| description = Ancient type that inhabited the Southwestern Eritrean lowlands prior to the arrival of Ethiopids, and possibly resembles early "Out of Africa" types. Was still common from Kenya to Sudan during historic times. Some individuals may give a pseudo-Australoid impression. Occasionally found in Kunama and Nara, but also Amhara, Tigray-Tigrinya, rarer in Oromo, Beja, and others.
| traits = Dark, sometimes medium brown skin and kinky-curly hair. Medium height, brachyskelic, ectomorph to mesomorph. Dolichocephalic with robust, bony and elongated facial features, and often strong brow ridges, small-headed. The nose is straight with a relatively high back and depressed tip. Forehead sloping. Prognathism is relatively pronounced - in difference to other Ethiopids as well as Nilotids.
| similar = [[North Ethiopid]], [[Arabian Veddoid]], [[Paleo Saharid]], [[Omotic]], [[Katangid]], [[Kalaharid]]
}}
[[Category:Ethiopid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-17T22:33:35Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = A specialized desert phenotype native to the Kalahari Basin, the Kalaharid is a refined variety of the Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline. While the Kalaharid people are primarily gracile, lacking the skeletal robusticity of Karroid types, they possess a specialized, linear build adapted for desert endurance. Within this group, the Ju/'hoansi represent the most basal and unadmixed lineage, maintaining a higher degree of genetic isolation compared to other Kalahari groups.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai (Due to Possible Sandawe Influence). Certain Khoisanid variants possess higher proportions of South Cushitic (Proto-Ethiopid) ancestry than some Kalaharid populations; however, they typically do not express Ethiopid phenotypes as distinctly as the Kalaharid does.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Khoid), meso-to-macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate, small-headed shape.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karroid]], [[Maasai]]
| gallery =
Kalaharid_Example1.jpg | Male example
Kalaharid_Example2.jpg | Other Male example
Kalaharid_Example3.jpg | Profile view

}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-17T22:31:05Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = A specialized desert phenotype native to the Kalahari Basin, the Kalaharid is a refined variety of the Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline. While the Kalaharid people are primarily gracile, lacking the skeletal robusticity of Karroid types, they possess a specialized, linear build adapted for desert endurance. Within this group, the Ju/'hoansi represent the most basal and unadmixed lineage, maintaining a higher degree of genetic isolation compared to other Kalahari groups.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai (Due to Possible Sandawe Influence). Certain Khoisanid variants possess higher proportions of South Cushitic (Proto-Ethiopid) ancestry than some Kalaharid populations; however, they typically do not express Ethiopid phenotypes as distinctly as the Kalaharid does.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Khoid), meso- to macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate,
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karroid]], [[Maasai]]
| gallery =
Kalaharid_Example1.jpg | Male example
Kalaharid_Example2.jpg | Other Male example
Kalaharid_Example3.jpg | Profile view

}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-17T21:33:05Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = A specialized desert phenotype native to the Kalahari Basin, the Kalaharid is a refined variety of the Sanid group. Typical of northern populations such as the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline. While the Kalaharid people are primarily gracile, lacking the skeletal robusticity of Karroid types, they possess a specialized, linear build adapted for desert endurance.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai (Due to Possible Sandawe Influence). Certain Khoisanid variants possess higher proportions of South Cushitic ancestry than some Kalaharid populations; however, they typically do not express Ethiopid phenotypes as distinctly as the Kalaharid does.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Khoid), meso- to macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto Ethiopid]], [[Karroid]], [[Maasai]]
}}
[[Category:Sanid]]

Kalaharid

2026-04-17T21:24:52Z

Garifunid:

{{Phenotype
|map=KalaharidMap.gif
|image_male=kalaharidm.jpg
|image_female=kalaharidf.jpg
| name = Kalaharid
| group = Sanid
| description = Sanid variety native to the Kalahari Basin, representing an special defined desert phenotype. Typical for northern populations like the !Kung (Ju/'hoansi) and Khwe, it is characterized by increased stature and deep reddish-brown pigmentation. Unlike the more paedomorphic southern Khoid, the Kalaharid is more orthognathic, featuring a refined facial definition with prominent cheekbones and a distinct jawline.

Convergence between Kalaharid and some Ethiopid varieties can be explained through the study by Pickrell et al. (2012), this phenotype reflects minor ancient gene (9-14% West Eurasian, and sometimes but rarely 30%) flow from Southern Cushitic pastoralists into the indigenous Khoisan base roughly 3,000 years ago. This admixture introduced macroskelic proportions and a less wider nose, resulting in a morphological convergence with phenotypes like the Maasai and although some other Khoisanid variants can reach higher amounts of South Cushitic ancestry, they usually do not reflect Northeastern traits although it is very possible. While mainly gracile lacking the robusticity of Karroid types.
| traits = Medium to dark reddish-brown skin (darker than classic Khoid), wrinkling present in old age but often has visible extreme peppercorn hair (>15 mm). Medium stature (taller than Khoid), meso- to macroskelic, ectomorphic to mesomorphic build. Less infantile in facial features, steatopygia present but sometimes less pronounced. Dolicho- to mesocephalic. Nose remains platyrrhine but often slightly narrower or more prominent, with a less depressed root. Eyes pseudo-Mongoloid, prognathy weak to moderate.
| similar = [[Khoid]], [[Xhosaid]], [[Proto-Ethiopid]], [[Karroid]], [[Maasai]]
}}
[[Category:Sanid]]